Robert Gerlai received his Ph.D. from
the Hungarian Academy
of Sciences with the highest distinction in 1989.
He has held numerous academic positions in Europe and North
America (Eötvös University of Budapest, Mount Sinai Hospital Research
Institute of Toronto, Indiana University Purdue University, University
of Hawaii) and he also held leadership positions in the US biotechnology
and pharmaceutical research industry working as a senior research
scientist and Vice President (Genentech Inc., Eli Lilly & Co., Saegis
Pharma) before joining University of Toronto in 2004 where he is now
Associate Chair of the Department of Psychology and Full Professor of
Psychology. Dr. Gerlai has
published over 100 papers in refereed scientific journals and several
book chapters and he is a member of the editorial board of Cognitive
Processing, and of Genes Brain and Behavior.
He has edited several special issues of scientific journals and
served as co-editor of a large handbook on molecular genetic approaches
in behavioural neuroscience.
He is currently editing a multivolume Handbook on mouse neurogenetics
for Cambridge University Press and is writing a Behaviour Genetics
Textbook for the same publisher.
He has been serving as a scientific referee for more than 50
scientific journals. Dr.
Gerlai has been advising major grant funding agencies and evaluated
grant proposals, e.g., as permanent member of the reviewing panels
BBBP-1 and BRLE-1 of the National Institutes of Health (NIH, USA),
Canadian Institutes of Health (CIHR), and as ad hoc referee for numerous
other NIH panels, and the National Science Foundation (NSF,
USA), Wellcome Trust (UK),
Israeli Science Foundation, and CIHR, and the Natural Sciences and
Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC).
He is founding member of the International Behavioral and Neural
Genetics Society, IBANGS, is past-treasurer and member-at-large of this
society. He was USA Councilor of
the International Behavioral Neuroscience Society (IBNS) and has also
served as Chair of several committees of IBNS.
He became Fellow of IBNS in 2005 and currently he is the
President-of IBNS. Dr.
Gerlai’s research has been focusing on the biological and genetic
mechanisms of behaviour. He
is most known for his work on behavioural phenotyping and the use of
genetically engineered mice.
For example, his paper on the pros and cons of gene targeting published
in Trends in Neurosciences in 1996 has received thousands of citations.
He is also known for his work on the Eph tyrosine kinase
receptors and their roles in learning and memory in mammals (papers in
J. Neuroscience, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, and Trends in
Neurosciences) a research line in which he employed a novel alternative
to gene targeting. Dr.
Gerlai’s current research at U of T concerns novel phenotyping
approaches and forward genetics for and the behavioural characterization
of zebrafish.
Joseph P. Huston is Professor and Chair of the
Institute
of Physiological Psychology at
the University of Düsseldorf
in Düsseldorf, Germany. He received a B.A. in
Psychology from the University
of Maryland, and the Ph.D in Experimental Psychology at Tufts University
in Medord, Mass. in 1969 with a thesis entitled "The
psychophysics of energizing and reinforcing stimulation of the brain".
He then spent two years (1970-71) at the
Institute
of Physiology in Prague with Jan Bures, supported by the
National Academy of Sciences - Czechoslovac Academy of Sciences Exchange
Program, where he learned electrophysiology. He then worked for 5 years
with Alex Borbely at the Institute
of Pharmacology in
Zürich,
Switzerland
where he delved into sleep research, took up intracranial
self-stimulation work again, and learned some behavioral pharmacology.
After serving as Chair of Experimental Psychology at the
University
of Zürich, he moved to the University of Düsseldorf in 1978. There, Joe initially
focused on anatomical tracing and intracranial self-stimulation, rodent
models of Parkinson’s disease, the relationship between reinforcement
and memory processes, and the role of neuropeptides in learning and
emotionality. Later he shifted to behavioural neurochemistry, using in
vivo microdialysis and HPLC. Current research interests of his institute
include the behavioural and neurochemical phenotyping of genetically
manipulated mice, neuronal histamine, neurokinins, episodic memory,
gap-junction connexins, extinction-induced depression, serotonin-cocaine
interactions, ageing-related deficits, and the intranasal application of
drugs. He is chief editor of
Behavioural Brain Research,
Reviews in the Neurosciences, and the new book series,
Handbook of Behavioral
Neuroscience. He has published about 400 peer-reviewed papers and
books and received the Myers Lifetime Achievement Award for Outstanding
Scientific Contributions to the Field of Behavioral Neuroscience in
2003.
Robert Adamec, Ph.D. is currently a
University Research Professor (a rank above full Professor) in
Psychology and Basic Medical Science at Memorial University of
Newfoundland. Dr. Adamec is a founding member and Fellow of IBNS as well
as a Fellow of CPA in recognition of his contribution to Psychology as a
science in Canada. As a behavioural neuroscientist, Dr. Adamec’s
contributions are to three areas of study: substrates of fearful
temperament; epilepsy and affect; stress and affect. Initial interest
lay in the neural basis of individual differences in the degree to which
cats were inhibited by threatening environments. The work suggested that
behavioral inhibition was fearful and that the temperamental trait
emerged early in life independently of experience. Adamec then showed
that more fearful cats possessed a natural increase in amygdala
excitability and potentiation of transmission between limbic areas in
response to naturally threatening or electrical stimuli. The work
pointed to inherited excitability in particular limbic circuits as a
substrate for behavioral inhibition. This idea influences current
theoretical and experimental thinking. Behavioral inhibition is studied
as a putative predispositional factor in stress precipitation of anxiety
disorders. Early studies in temperament led to work by Adamec changing
limbic correlates of the trait to determine their contribution to the
trait. The idea was to turn an uninhibited cat into an inhibited
(frightened) cat by permanently changing limbic excitability with
kindling. Partial kindling without motor convulsive seizures changed
behavior and produced potentiated amygdala efferent transmission like
that seen in naturally inhibited cats, implicating pathway potentiation
as a dispositional mechanism. This work stimulated international work on
effects of kindling on affect. It also introduced the idea that traces
of repeated seizures, expressed as changes in limbic transmission, might
underlie affective psychopathology experienced by epileptics, for which
there is evidence in humans (Trimble). Adamec then showed that low
frequency stimulation (LFS) of amygdala reversed kindling induced
amygdala efferent potentiation and fearfulness in cats. Importantly,
neural effects were confined to the right hemisphere. This study along
with others pointed to the possible involvement of periaqueductal gray
(PAG) in neuroplastic changes in anxiety disorders, currently a growth
area of interest. The importance of right amygdala in Adamec’s work
influenced investigators such as Lalumiere who finds right rodent
amygdala facilitation of the formation of fear memories. The third area
of study examines effects of stress on affect and neural plasticity.
Adamec found that single and brief pharmacological stress (with FG7142
in cats) and experiential stress (predator stress in rats) produces
lasting changes in fearfulness and anxiety. These lasting changes in
affect in the cat depend on right lateralized NMDA receptor dependent
potentiation of amygdala efferents to the PAG. This work is one of the
first demonstrations that stress effects on affect involve limbic
neuroplastic changes, now a growth area of study. It stimulated many
studies of lasting after effects of brief stressors on affect as a model
of PTSD (e.g. Cohen and colleagues). It led to further work by Adamec
implicating pCREB expression, protein synthesis and NMDA receptor
dependent potentiation of right limbic pathways in anxiogenic effects of
predator stress in rats. Work on right lateralized neural effects of
stress provide neurobiological face validity to these animal models of
PTSD in view of work implicating hyperexcitability of right human
amygdala in the etiology of PTSD. Currently funded by CIHR, the work on
stress continues.
C. Sue Carter, Ph.D. is Professor of Psychiatry and
Co-Director of Brain-Body Center at the University of Illinois at
Chicago.
Dr Carter was Distinguished University Professor
(1997-2001) and Professor (1985-1997) in the Department of Biology at
the University of Maryland.
She also held a Guest Researcher appointment
(1985-2001) in the NICHD-NIH (Developmental Endocrinology Branch).
Dr. Carter was a faculty member at the
University of Illinois in Champaign-Urbana (1972-1985), where she held
joint academic positions through the level of Professor in the
Department of Psychology and Department of Ecology, Ethology and
Evolution.
She was one of the founders of the Program in
Neural and Behavioral Biology at UIUC.
In 1982-1983 she held a visiting position as
a program officer in Psychobiology at the National Science Foundation.
Dr. Carter currently directs a NIH Program Project Grant that deals with
the Developmental Consequences of Oxytocin.
She has been a recipient of a NIH Research
Scientist Award (1993-1998) and has a history of funding for research in
the general area of social behavior and behavioral endocrinology
throughout her academic career.
Much of her past research has been done in
animal models.
Her research career has been focused on the
study of social behaviors, and especially reproductive behaviors and the
novel traits of monogamous mammals.
Her laboratory began studies of the
physiological basis of social attachment in voles in the late 1970s,
conducted the first studies of the role of peptides (oxytocin,
vasopressin and CRH) in pair bond formation between adults, and has used
this model to document the importance of stress and stress hormones in
social bond formation. Dr. Carter has been involved for over two decades
in studies of human behavior, including research on the behavioral
effects of male and female sex steroids, and more recently the role of
lactation in stress management.